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當(dāng)前位置:首頁技術(shù)文章實驗室凍干機的升華過程你了解么?

實驗室凍干機的升華過程你了解么?

更新時間:2021-11-01點擊次數(shù):1672
  實驗室凍干機升華過程,在升溫的階段(大量升華階段),制品溫度要低于其共晶點一個范圍。因此擱板溫要加以控制,若制品已經(jīng)部分干燥,但溫度卻超過了其共晶點,此時將發(fā)生制品融化現(xiàn)象,而此時融化的液體,對冰飽和,對溶質(zhì)卻未飽和,因而干燥的溶質(zhì)將迅速溶解進去,濃縮成一薄僵塊,外觀不良,溶解速度很差,若制品的融化發(fā)生在大量升華后期,則由于融化的液體數(shù)量較少,因而被干燥的孔性固體所吸收,造成凍干后塊狀物有所缺損,加水溶解時仍能發(fā)現(xiàn)溶解速度較慢。
  在大量升華過程,雖然擱板和制品溫度有很大懸殊,但由于板溫、凝結(jié)器溫度和真空溫度基本不變,因而升華吸熱比較穩(wěn)定,制品溫度相對恒定。隨著制品自上而下層層干燥,冰層升華的阻力逐漸增大。制品溫度相應(yīng)也會小幅上升。直至用肉眼已不到冰晶的存在。此時90%以上的水分已除去。大量升華的過程至此已基本結(jié)束,為了確保整箱制品大量升華完畢。
  實驗室凍干機凍干曲線是指將擱板溫度與制品溫度隨時間的變化記錄下來。比較典型的凍干曲線系將擱板升溫分為兩個階段,在大量升華時擱板溫度保持較低,根據(jù)實際情況,一般可控制在-10至+10之間。二階段則根據(jù)制品性質(zhì)將擱板溫度適當(dāng)調(diào)高,此法適用于其熔點較低的制品。若對制品的性能尚不清楚,機器性能較差或其工作不夠穩(wěn)定時,用此法也比較穩(wěn)妥。如果制品共晶點較高,系統(tǒng)的真空度也能保持良好,凝結(jié)器的制冷能力充裕,則也可采用一定的升溫速度,將擱板溫度升高至允許的高溫,直至凍干結(jié)束,但也需保證制品在大量升華時的溫度不得超過共晶點。
  實驗室凍干機干燥的方法多種多樣,如曬干、煮干、烘干、噴霧干燥和真空干燥等,但普通干燥方法通常都在0℃以上或更高的溫度下進行。干燥所得的產(chǎn)品一般都存在體積縮小、質(zhì)地變硬的問題,易揮發(fā)的成分大部分會損失掉,一些熱敏性的物質(zhì)發(fā)生變性、失活,有些物質(zhì)甚至發(fā)生了氧化。因此,干燥后的產(chǎn)品與干燥前相比,在性狀上有很大的差別。
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